References

The concept system, terminology, and methodology draw on the following sources.

JCGM (2012)

JCGM 200:2012 — International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM)

Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology. Sèvres: BIPM.

doi:10.59161/jcgm200-2012

Normative reference for the ISO 80000 & IEC 80000 series — defines core concepts including "kind of quantity," "quantity," and "measurement." Also published as ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007.

Pendrill, L. R. (2024)

Quantities and units: order amongst complexity

Chapter 2 in Models, Measurement, and Metrology extending the SI. De Gruyter.

doi:10.1515/9783111036496-002

Source of the concept system hierarchy with four levels (0–3) across three axes implemented on this site.

Dybkaer, R. (2010)

An ontology on property for physical, chemical, and biological quantities

Metrologia, 47(3), 80–93.

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/001

Foundation for the systematic quantity term column in Pendrill's hierarchy.

Fleischman, E. (1960)

Sachgrösse und Grössenwert

Zeitschrift für Physik, 159, 1–12.

Origin of the "Sachgrösse" (entity quantity) concept at Level 2.

Maxwell, J. C. (1873)

A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism

Oxford: Clarendon Press. Vol. 1, §3.

Established the quantity value equation Q = {Q} · [Q].