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Part 6: Electromagnetism

Electric and magnetic quantities

85 entries· Edition 2022FR→ About this part

6-1electric current

I

i

A

·ampere

scalar quantity equal to the quotient of the net quasi-infinitesimal (see iec60050-121) electric charge (t6-2.1) transferred through a…

6-2electric charge

6-2.1

electric charge

Q

q

C

A \cdot s

s \cdot A

·coulomb, ampere second, second ampere

additive scalar quantity attributed to any particle and, generally, any system of them, to characterize its electromagnetic interactions

6-2.2

elementary charge

e

C

A \cdot s

s \cdot A

·coulomb, ampere second, second ampere

magnitude of the negative electric charge carried by a single electron, which has charge

6-3electric charge density, volumic electric charge, volumic charge

6-3

electric charge density, volumic electric charge, volumic charge

ρ

\frac{C}{m^{3}}

m^{- 3} \cdot s \cdot A

·coulomb per cubic metre, per cubic metre second ampere

scalar quantity representing the spatial distribution of electric charge, where is quasi-infinitesimal (see iec60050-121) electric charge…

6-4surface density of electric charge, areic electric charge, areic charge

6-4

surface density of electric charge, areic electric charge, areic charge

σ

\frac{C}{m^{2}}

m^{-} 2 \cdot s \cdot A

·coulomb per square metre, per square metre second ampere

scalar quantity representing the areal distribution of electric charge, where is a quasi-infinitesimal (see iec60050-121) electric charge…

6-5linear density of electric charge, lineic electric charge, lineic charge

6-5

linear density of electric charge, lineic electric charge, lineic charge

τ

\frac{C}{m}

m^{-} 1 \cdot s \cdot A

·coulomb per metre, per metre second ampere

scalar quantity representing the linear distribution of electric charge, where is a quasi-infinitesimal (see iec60050-121) electric charge…

6-6electric dipole moment

6-6

electric dipole moment

p

C \cdot m

m \cdot s \cdot A

·coulomb metre, metre second ampere

vector quantity given by where and are the position vectors (iso80000-3) of the carriers of electric charges and (t6-2.1), respectively

6-7electric polarization

6-7

electric polarization

P

\frac{C}{m^{2}}

m^{-} 2 \cdot s \cdot A

·coulomb per square metre, per square metre second ampere

vector quantity representing the spatial distribution of electric dipole moment, where is quasi-infinitesimal (see iec60050-121) electric…

6-8electric current density

6-8

electric current density

J

\frac{A}{m^{2}}

m^{- 2} \cdot A

·ampere per square metre, ampere per square metre

vector quantity equal to the sum, for the charge carriers within a volume element of quasi-infinitesimal volume , of the products of their…

6-9linear electric current density

6-9

linear electric current density

J_{S}

\frac{A}{m}

m^{-} 1 \cdot A

·ampere per metre, ampere per metre

vector quantity equal to the sum, for the charge carriers confined to a surface element of quasi-infinitesimal area , of the products of…

6-10electric field strength

6-10

electric field strength

E

\frac{V}{m}

k g \cdot m \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 1}

·volt per metre, kilogram metre per second cubed ampere

additive vector field quantity that exerts on any charged particle located at position a force (iso80000-4) equal to the product of and…

6-11electric potential

6-11.1

electric potential

V

φ

V

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 1}

·volt, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere

scalar quantity expressed by where is electric field strength (t6-10), is magnetic vector potential (t6-32) and is time (iso80000-3)

6-11.2

electric potential difference

V_{ab}

V

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 1}

·volt, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere

scalar quantity given by where and are the electric potentials (t6-11.1) at points and , respectively

6-11.3

voltage, electric tension

U

U_{ab}

u

V

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 1}

·volt, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere

for a conductor, scalar quantity given by the electric potential difference (t6-11.2) between two points and respectively

6-11.4

induced voltage

U_{i}

V

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 1}

·volt, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere

negative of time derivative of protoflux (t6-22.2)

6-12electric flux density, electric displacement

6-12

electric flux density, electric displacement

D

\frac{C}{m^{2}}

m^{-} 2 \cdot s \cdot A

·coulomb per square metre, per square metre second ampere

vector quantity given by where is electric constant (t6-14.1), is electric field strength (t6-10), and is electric polarization (t6-7)

6-13capacitance

6-13

capacitance

C

F

k g^{- 1} \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot s^{4} \cdot A^{2}

·farad, second to the fourth ampere squared per kilogram square metre

for a capacitive element, quotient of electric charge and voltage (t6-11.3);

6-14electric constant, permittivity of vacuum

6-14.1

electric constant, permittivity of vacuum

ε_{0}

\frac{F}{m}

k g^{- 1} \cdot m^{- 3} \cdot s^{4} \cdot A^{2}

·farad per metre, second to the fourth ampere squared per kilogram cubic metre

scalar quantity given by where is the magnetic constant (t6-26.1) and is luminal speed (t6-35.2)

6-14.2

permittivity

ε

\frac{F}{m}

k g^{- 1} \cdot m^{- 3} \cdot s^{4} \cdot A^{2}

·farad per metre, second to the fourth ampere squared per kilogram cubic metre

for linear media, proportionality constant between electric flux density (t6-12) and electric field strength (t6-10);

6-15relative permittivity

6-15

relative permittivity

ε_{r}

1

·one

for linear media, quotient of permittivity (t6-14.2) and the electric constant (t6-14.1);

6-16electric susceptibility

6-16

electric susceptibility

χ

1

·one

for linear media, scalar quantity expressed by where is electric polarization (t6-7), is the electric constant (t6-14.1), and is electric…

6-17electric flux

6-17

electric flux

ψ

C

s \cdot A

·coulomb, second ampere

scalar quantity given by the integral over a surface , where is electric flux density (t6-12) and is a vector surface element (iso80000-3)

6-18displacement current density

6-18

displacement current density

J_{D}

\frac{A}{m^{2}}

m^{- 2} \cdot A

·ampere per square metre, ampere per square metre

vector quantity given by where is electric flux density (t6-12) and is time (iso80000-3)

6-19displacement current

6-19.1

displacement current

I_{D}

A

·ampere

scalar quantity given by the integral over a surface , where is displacement current density (t6-18) and is a vector surface element…

6-19.2

total current

I_{tot}

I_{t}

A

·ampere

scalar quantity given by the sum of electric current (t6-1) and displacement current (t6-19.1);

6-20total current density

6-20

total current density

J_{tot}

J_{t}

\frac{A}{m^{2}}

m^{- 2} \cdot A

·ampere per square metre, ampere per square metre

vector quantity given by the sum of electric current density (t6-8) and displacement current density (t6-18);

6-21magnetic flux density

6-21

magnetic flux density

B

T

k g \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 1}

·tesla, kilogram per second squared ampere

vector quantity expressed by where is the force (iso80000-4) acting on a test particle with electric charge (t6-2.1) traversing a magnetic…

6-22magnetic flux

6-22.1

magnetic flux

Φ

W b

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 1}

·weber, kilogram square metre per second squared ampere

scalar quantity given by the integral over a surface , where is magnetic flux density (t6-21) and is a vector surface element (iso80000-3)

6-22.2

protoflux

Ψ_{p}

W b

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 1}

·weber, kilogram square metre per second squared ampere

scalar quantity given by the integral where is magnetic vector potential (t6-32) and is a line vector element of the path

6-22.3

linked magnetic flux

Φ_{l}

W b

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 1}

·weber, kilogram square metre per second squared ampere

magnetic flux (t6-22.1), the integration surface of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once

6-22.4

total magnetic flux

Ψ

Φ_{m}

W b

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 1}

·weber, kilogram square metre per second squared ampere

highest value of the magnetic flux (t6-22.1) produced by a current loop

6-23magnetic moment, magnetic area moment

6-23

magnetic moment, magnetic area moment

m

A \cdot m^{2}

m^{2} \cdot A

·ampere square metre, square metre ampere

additive vector quantity, for a quasi-infinitesimal (see iec60050-121) planar loop given by where is the electric current (t6-1) in a loop,…

6-24magnetization

6-24

magnetization

M

H_{i}

\frac{A}{m}

m^{- 1} \cdot A

·ampere per metre, ampere per metre

vector quantity representing the spatial distribution of the magnetic moment, where is quasi-infinitesimal (see iec60050-121) magnetic…

6-25magnetic field strength, magnetizing field

6-25

magnetic field strength, magnetizing field

H

\frac{A}{m}

m^{- 1} \cdot A

·ampere per metre, ampere per metre

vector quantity given by where is magnetic flux density (t6-21), is the magnetic constant (t6-26.1), and is the magnetization (t6-24)

6-26magnetic constant, permeability of vacuum

6-26.1

magnetic constant, permeability of vacuum

μ_{0}

\frac{H}{m}

k g \cdot m \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 2}

·henry per metre, kilogram metre per second squared ampere squared

scalar quantity given by with a relative standard uncertainty of

6-26.2

permeability

μ

\frac{H}{m}

k g \cdot m \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 2}

·henry per metre, kilogram metre per second squared ampere squared

for linear media, proportionality constant between magnetic flux density (t6-21) and magnetic field strength (t6-25)

6-27relative permeability

6-27

relative permeability

μ_{r}

1

·one

for linear media, quotient of permeability (t6-26.2) and the magnetic constant (t6-26.1)

6-28magnetic susceptibility

6-28

magnetic susceptibility

κ

χ_{m}

1

·one

for linear media, proportionality constant between magnetization (t6-24) and magnetic field strength (t6-25)

6-29magnetic polarization

6-29

magnetic polarization

J_{m}

T

W \frac{b}{m^{2}}

k g \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 1}

·tesla, weber per square metre, kilogram per second squared ampere

vector quantity given by the product of the magnetic constant (t6-26.1) and magnetization (t6-24)

6-30magnetic dipole moment

6-30

magnetic dipole moment

j_{m}

j

W b \cdot m

k g \cdot m^{3} \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 1}

·weber metre, kilogram cubic metre per second squared ampere

vector quantity given by the product of the magnetic constant (t6-26.1) and magnetic moment (t6-23)

6-31coercivity, coercive field strength

6-31

coercivity, coercive field strength

H_{c}

\frac{A}{m}

m^{-} 1 \cdot A

·ampere per metre, ampere per metre

scalar quantity giving the magnetic field strength (t6-25) to be applied to bring the magnetic flux density (t6-21) in a substance from its…

6-32magnetic vector potential

6-32

magnetic vector potential

A

\frac{J}{A \cdot m}

k g \cdot m \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 1}

·joule per ampere metre, kilogram metre per second squared ampere

vector quantity expressed by where is magnetic flux density (t6-21)

6-33electromagnetic energy density

6-33

electromagnetic energy density

w

\frac{J}{m^{3}}

k g \cdot m^{- 1} \cdot s^{- 2}

·joule per cubic metre, kilogram per metre second squared

scalar quantity given by the sum of scalar products: where is electric field strength (t6-10), is electric flux density (t6-12), is…

6-34Poynting vector

6-34

Poynting vector

S

\frac{W}{m^{2}}

k g \cdot s^{-} 3

·watt per square metre, kilogram per second cubed

vector quantity given by the vector product where is electric field strength (t6-10) and is magnetic field strength (t6-25)

6-35phase speed of electromagnetic waves

6-35.1

phase speed of electromagnetic waves

c

\frac{m}{s}

m \cdot s^{-} 1

·metre per second, metre per second

scalar quantity given by the quotient of angular frequency (iso80000-3) and angular wavenumber (iso80000-3) in a given direction:

6-35.2

speed of light in vacuum, light speed in vacuum, luminal speed

c_{0}

\frac{m}{s}

m \cdot s^{-} 1

·metre per second, metre per second

scalar quantity equal to the speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum (iso80000-1)

6-36source voltage, source tension

6-36

source voltage, source tension

U_{s}

V

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 1}

·volt, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere

voltage (t6-11.3) between the two terminals of an electric source when there is no electric current (t6-1) through the source

6-37magnetic potential

6-37.1

magnetic potential

V_{m}

φ

A

·ampere

for an irrotational magnetic field strength, scalar quantity expressed by where is magnetic field strength (t6-25)

6-37.2

magnetic tension

U_{m}

A

·ampere

in a magnetic field strength, scalar quantity given by the line integral along a given curve from point to point ; where is magnetic field…

6-37.3

magnetomotive force

F_{m}

A

·ampere

scalar quantity given by the line integral along a closed curve ; where is magnetic field strength (t6-25) and is position vector…

6-38number of turns in a winding

6-38

number of turns in a winding

N

1

·one

<in winding> number of turns

6-39reluctance

6-39

reluctance

R_{m}

R

H^{- 1}

k g^{- 1} \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot s^{2} \cdot A^{2}

·per henry, second squared ampere squared per kilogram square metre

scalar quantity given by the quotient of magnetic tension (t6-37.2) and total magnetic flux (t6-22.4);

6-40permeance

6-40

permeance

Λ

H

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 2}

·henry, kilogram square metre per second squared ampere squared

scalar quantity given by the inverse of reluctance (t6-39);

6-41inductance, self-inductance

6-41.1

inductance, self-inductance

L

L_{m}

H

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 2}

·henry, kilogram square metre per second squared ampere squared

scalar quantity given by where is the total magnetic flux (t6-22.4) in a conducting loop caused by the magnetic flux density (t6-21)…

6-41.2

mutual inductance

L_{mn}

H

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 2} \cdot A^{- 2}

·henry, kilogram square metre per second squared ampere squared

for thin conducting loops (numbered , ), scalar quantity given by where is the total magnetic flux (t6-22.4) in a loop , caused by the…

6-42coupling factor

6-42.1

coupling factor

k

1

·one

for inductive coupling between two inductive elements (numbered , ), scalar quantity given by where and are their self-inductances…

6-42.2

leakage factor

σ

1

·one

for inductive coupling between two inductive elements, scalar quantity given by where is the coupling factor (t6-42.1)

6-43conductivity

6-43

conductivity

σ

κ

\frac{S}{m}

k g^{- 1} \cdot m^{- 3} \cdot s^{3} \cdot A^{2}

·siemens per metre, second cubed ampere squared per kilogram cubic metre

proportionality factor between electric current density (t6-8) and electric field strength (t6-10)

6-44resistivity

6-44

resistivity

ρ

O h m \cdot m

k g \cdot m^{3} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 2}

·ohm metre, kilogram cubic metre per second cubed ampere squared

scalar quantity given by the inverse of conductivity (t6-43)

6-45power, instantaneous power

6-45

power, instantaneous power

p

P

W

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3}

·watt, kilogram square metre per second cubed

scalar quantity given by the product of instantaneous voltage (t6-11.3) and instantaneous electric current (t6-1)

6-46resistance

6-46

resistance

R

O h m

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 2}

·ohm, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere squared

property of a resistive element, equal to the scalar quantity given by the quotient of voltage (t6-11.3) and electric current (t6-1)

6-47conductance

6-47

conductance

G

S

k g^{- 1} \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot s^{3} \cdot A^{2}

·siemens, second cubed ampere squared per kilogram square metre

property of a resistive element, equal to the scalar quantity given by the inverse of its resistance (t6-46)

6-48phase difference

6-48

phase difference

φ

r a d

1

·radian, one

scalar quantity given by the difference between the phase angle (iso80000-3) of the voltage (t6-11.3) and the phase angle of electric…

6-49electric current phasor

6-49

electric current phasor

\underset{̲}{I}

A

·ampere

for a sinusoidal current, described by , complex quantity , where is amplitude, is angular frequency (iso80000-3), is time (iso80000-3), is…

6-50voltage phasor, electric tension phasor

6-50

voltage phasor, electric tension phasor

\underset{̲}{U}

V

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 1}

·volt, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere

for a sinusoidal voltage, described by , complex quantity where is amplitude, is angular frequency (iso80000-3), is time (iso80000-3), is…

6-51impedance, complex impedance

6-51.1

impedance, complex impedance

\underset{̲}{Z}

O h m

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 2}

·ohm, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere squared

scalar quantity given by the quotient of voltage phasor (t6-50) and electric current phasor (t6-49)

6-51.2

impedance of vacuum, wave impedance in vacuum

Z_{0}

\frac{V}{A}

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 2}

·volt per ampere, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere squared

scalar quantity given by the quotient of the magnitude of the electric field strength (t6-10) and that of the magnetic field strength…

6-51.3

resistance

R

O h m

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 2}

·ohm, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere squared

real part of impedance (t6-51.1)

6-51.4

reactance

X

O h m

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 2}

·ohm, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere squared

imaginary part of impedance (t6-51.1);

6-51.5

apparent impedance

Z

O h m

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3} \cdot A^{- 2}

·ohm, kilogram square metre per second cubed ampere squared

scalar quantity given by the quotient of RMS voltage (t6-11.3) and RMS electric current (t6-1)

6-52admittance, complex admittance

6-52.1

admittance, complex admittance

\underset{̲}{Y}

S

k g^{- 1} \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot s^{3} \cdot A^{2}

·siemens, second cubed ampere squared per kilogram square metre

quantity given by the inverse of impedance (t6-51.1)

6-52.2

admittance of vacuum

Y_{0}

\frac{A}{V}

k g^{- 1} \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot s^{3} \cdot A^{2}

·ampere per volt, second cubed ampere squared per kilogram square metre

quantity given by the inverse of the impedance of vacuum (t6-51.2)

6-52.3

conductance

G

S

k g^{- 1} \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot s^{3} \cdot A^{2}

·siemens, second cubed ampere squared per kilogram square metre

<for complex impedance> real part of admittance (t6-52.1)

6-52.4

susceptance

B

S

k g^{- 1} \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot s^{3} \cdot A^{2}

·siemens, second cubed ampere squared per kilogram square metre

imaginary part of admittance (t6-52.1)

6-52.5

apparent admittance

Y

S

k g^{- 1} \cdot m^{- 2} \cdot s^{3} \cdot A^{2}

·siemens, second cubed ampere squared per kilogram square metre

quotient of RMS electric current (t6-1) and RMS voltage (t6-11.3)

6-53quality factor

6-53

quality factor

Q

1

·one

for non-radiating systems, where , scalar quantity given by where is impedance (t6-51.1), is resistance (t6-51.3), and is reactance…

6-54loss factor, dissipation factor

6-54

loss factor, dissipation factor

d

1

·one

scalar quantity given by the inverse of quality factor (t6-53);

6-55loss angle

6-55

loss angle

δ

r a d

1

·radian, one

scalar quantity given by where is loss factor (t6-54)

6-56active power

6-56

active power

P

W

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3}

·watt, kilogram square metre per second cubed

<for a periodic process> scalar quantity given by where is the period (iso80000-3), is time (iso80000-3) and is instantaneous power (t6-45)

6-57apparent power

6-57

apparent power

S

| \underset{̲}{S} |

V \cdot A

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3}

·volt ampere, kilogram square metre per second cubed

scalar quantity given by the product of RMS value of voltage (t6-11.3) and RMS value of electric current (t6-1);

6-58power factor

6-58

power factor

λ

1

·one

quotient of the active power (t6-56) and apparent power (t6-57);

6-59complex power

6-59

complex power

\underset{̲}{S}

V \cdot A

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3}

·volt ampere, kilogram square metre per second cubed

quantity given by the product of voltage phasor (t6-50) and the complex conjugate of the electric current phasor (t6-49):

6-60reactive power

6-60

reactive power

Q

v a r

V \cdot A

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3}

·var, volt ampere, kilogram square metre per second cubed

scalar quantity given by the imaginary part of complex power (t6-59);

6-61non-active power

6-61

non-active power

Q'

Q_{~}

V \cdot A

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{- 3}

·volt ampere, kilogram square metre per second cubed

scalar quantity given by where is apparent power (t6-57) and is active power (t6-56)

6-62active energy

6-62

active energy

W

J

W \cdot s

k g \cdot m^{2} \cdot s^{-} 2

·joule, watt second, kilogram square metre per second squared

scalar quantity given by the integral over the time interval from to where is instantaneous power (t6-45) and is time (iso80000-3).

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