Metrological regulation for load cells

Metrological regulation for load cells — Annexes Metrological regulation for load cells Annexes Part 4 Часть 4 Réglementation métrologique des cellules de pesée — Annexes Réglementation métrologique des cellules de pesée Annexes Partie 4 OIML R 6060 International Organization of Legal Metrology OIML

committee International Organization of Legal Metrology Instruments for measuring mass and density TC 9TC 9Agency International Organization of Legal Metrology International Organization of Legal Metrology OIML

committee International Organization for Standardization Instruments for measuring mass and density TC 9TC 9ISO2

2021-10-01

en60602021 International Organization of Legal Metrology OIML

international-standardiso

OIML 60

International Standard

true

international-recommendation

2013

kilogram kg

kg

mV*V^-1 mV V ⁻¹

mV V^{- 1}

volt V

V

ohm Ω

Ω

degree Celsius °C

°C

metre m

m

MOhm MΩ

MΩ

tonne t

t

mass electric resistance kilo k k k k milli m m m m mega M M M M

Bureau International de Métrologie Légale
11, rue Turgot – 75009 Paris – France
Telephone: 33 (0)1 48 78 12 82
Fax: 33 (0)1 42 82 17 27
E-mail: link:mailto:biml@oiml.org
Internet: www.oiml.org

OIML Publications may be downloaded from the OIML web site in the form of PDF files. Additional information on OIML Publications may be obtained from the Organisation’s headquarters:

Bureau International de Métrologie Légale
11, rue Turgot – 75009 Paris – France
Telephone: 33 (0)1 48 78 12 82
Fax: 33 (0)1 42 82 17 27
E-mail:
Internet: www.oiml.org

Foreword

The International Organisation of Legal Metrology (OIML) is a worldwide, intergovernmental organisation whose primary aim is to harmonise the regulations and metrological controls applied by the national metrological services, or related organisations, of its Member States. The main categories of OIML publications are:

International Recommendations (OIML R), which are model regulations that establish the metrological characteristics required of certain measuring instruments and which specify methods and equipment for checking their conformity. OIML Member States shall implement these Recommendations to the greatest possible extent;
International Documents (OIML D), which are informative in nature and which are intended to harmonise and improve work in the field of legal metrology;
International Guides (OIML G), which are also informative in nature and which are intended to give guidelines for the application of certain requirements to legal metrology;
International Basic Publications (OIML B), which define the operating rules of the various OIML structures and systems; and

OIML Draft Recommendations, Documents and Guides are developed by Project Groups linked to Technical Committees or Subcommittees which comprise representatives from OIML Member States. Certain international and regional institutions also participate on a consultation basis. Cooperative agreements have been established between the OIML and certain institutions, such as ISO and the IEC, with the objective of avoiding contradictory requirements. Consequently, manufacturers and users of measuring instruments, test laboratories, etc. may simultaneously apply OIML publications and those of other institutions.

International Recommendations, Documents, Guides and Basic Publications are published in English (E) and translated into French (F) and are subject to periodic revision.

Additionally, the OIML publishes or participates in the publication of Vocabularies (OIML V) and periodically commissions legal metrology experts to write Expert Reports (OIML E). Expert Reports are intended to provide information and advice, and are written solely from the viewpoint of their author, without the involvement of a Technical Committee or Subcommittee, nor that of the CIML. Thus, they do not necessarily represent the views of the OIML.

This publication — Annexes to OIML R 60:2021 — is an updated edition (developed by the OIML Certification System Management Committee) of the Annexes to R 60:2017 (developed by Project Group 1 of OIML Technical Committee TC 9 Instruments for measuring mass and density). This updated edition consolidates the Amendment (2019-12-23) to R 60:2017, and includes other editorial and minor technical changes. It was approved for final publication by the International Committee of Legal Metrology at its 56th meeting in October 2021 and was sanctioned by the 16th International Conference on Legal Metrology in 2021. It supersedes the previous edition of R 60 dated 2017.

OIML Publications may be downloaded from the OIML web site in the form of PDF files. Additional information on OIML Publications may be obtained from the Organisation’s headquarters:

Bureau International de Métrologie Légale
11, rue Turgot — 75009 Paris — France
Telephone: 33 (0)1 48 78 12 82
Fax:33 (0)1 42 82 17 27
E-mail:biml@oiml.org
Internet: www.oiml.org

Definitions from other applicable international publications Terms and definitions electronic measuring instrument (OIML D 11, 3.1)

instrument intended to measure an electrical or non-electrical quantity using electronic means and/or equipped with electronic devices

module (OIML D11, 3.2)

device performing a specific function or functions and (usually) manufactured and constructed such that it can be separately evaluated according to prescribed metrological and technical performance requirements

device (OIML D 11, 3.3)

identifiable instrument or part of an instrument or of a family of instruments that performs a specific function or functions

checking facility (OIML D11, 3.19)

facility incorporated in a measuring instrument which enables significant faults to be detected and acted upon

automatic checking facility (OIML D 11, 3.19.1)

checking facility that operates without the intervention of an operator

permanent automatic checking facility (type P) (OIML D 11, 3.19.1.1)

automatic checking facility that operates at each measurement cycle

intermittent automatic checking facility (type I) (OIML D 11, 3.19.1.2)

automatic checking facility that operates at certain time intervals or per fixed number of measurement cycles

non-automatic checking facility (type N) (OIML D 11, 3.19.2)

checking facility that requires the intervention of an operator

durability protection facility (OIML D 11, 3.20)

facility incorporated in a measuring instrument that enables significant durability errors to be detected and acted upon

test (OIML D 11, 3.21)

series of operations intended to verify the compliance of the equipment under test (EUT) with specified requirements

test procedure (OIML D 11, 3.21.1)

detailed description of the test operations

performance test (OIML D 11, 3.21.4)

test intended to verify whether the EUT is able to accomplish its intended functions

mains power (OIML D 11, 3.22)

primary external source of electrical power for an instrument, including all sub-assemblies. (Examples: public or local power grid (AC or DC) or external generator)

power converter (power supply device) (OIML D 11, 3.23)

sub-assembly converting the voltage from the mains power to a voltage suitable for other sub-assemblies

auxiliary battery (OIML D 11, 3.25)

battery that is

mounted in, or connected to, an instrument that can be powered by the mains power as well, and
capable of supplying power to the complete instrument for a reasonable period of time

back-up battery (OIML D 11, 3.26)

battery that is intended to maintain power supply for specific functions of an instrument in the absence of the primary power supply that includes both mains power & auxiliary battery

To preserve stored data

Definitions from OIML R 76 [1] weighing module (OIML R 76-1, T.2.2.7)

part of the weighing instrument that comprises all mechanical and electronic devices (i.e. load receptor, load-transmitting device, load cell, and analogue data processing device or digital data processing device) but not having the means to display the weighing result. It may optionally have devices for further processing (digital) data and operating the instrument

OIML certificate for load cells — Content of the certificate

The OIML certificate template that can be downloaded from the “Documentation” section of the OIML Certification System (OIML-CS) part of the OIML website shall be supplemented with the following additional information:

Model designation
Maximum capacity, $E_{max}$ E_{"max"}
Accuracy class
Maximum number of load cell
verification intervals, $n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}
Minimum load cell verification
interval, $v_{min}$ v_{"min"}
Apportioning factor, $p_{LC}$ p_{"LC"}

Additional characteristics and identification, as applicable according to R 60-1, 3.4.2 and 5.1.5, may be included in the certificate or on additional pages if necessary, in the format below:

Model designation
(Additional characteristics, per R 60-1, 3.4.2 and 5.1.5)

Special conditions:

Contents of any additional pages to the certificate (Informative)

Name and type of the load cell:

Technical data

The essential technical data for OIML certificates are listed on the certificate (at the request of the manufacturer). Alternatively, in the case of limited space on the certificate, the following information may be provided on additional pages to the certificate:

Technical data

Model designation	Designation	Example	Units
Classification		C4
Additional markings		-
Maximum number of load cell verification intervals	$n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}	$4000$ 4000
Maximum capacity	$E_{max}$ E_{"max"}	$30000$ 30000	$kg$ "unitsml(kg)"
Minimum dead load, relative	$E_{min} / E_{max}$ E_{"min"} // E_{"max"}	0	%
Relative $v_{min}$ v_{"min"} (ratio to minimum load cell verification interval)	$Y = (E_{max} - E_{min}) / (v_{min})$ Y = (E_{"max"} - E_{"min"}) // (v_{"min"})	$24000$ 24000
Relative DR (ratio to minimum dead load output return)	$Z = (E_{max} - E_{min}) / (2 \times D R)$ Z = (E_{"max"} - E_{"min"})// (2 xx DR)	$7500$ 7500
Rated output For load cells with digital output this refers to the number of counts for $E_{max}$ E_{"max"}.		2.5	$mV V^{- 1}$ "unitsml(mV/V)" For load cells with digital output this refers to the number of counts for $E_{max}$ E_{"max"}.
Maximum excitation voltage		30	$V$ "unitsml(V)"
Input impedance (for strain gauge load cells)	$R_{LC}$ R_{"LC"}	$4000$ 4000	$Ω$ "unitsml(Ohm)"
Temperature rating		— 10/+ 40	$°C$ "unitsml(degC)"
Safe overload, relative	$E_{lim} / E_{max}$ E_{"lim"} // E_{"max"}	150	%
Cable length		3	$m$ "unitsml(m)"
Additional characteristics per R 60-1, 3.4.2 and 5.1.5 For load cells with digital output this is not required.		-

OIML certificate for load cells

This Annex is provided as an example of supplemental information that may be included in the OIML certificate and is intended to complement the information found in .

Certificate history

Certificate version	Date	Essential changes
Rev. 0	DD MM YYYY	Certificate first issued

Technical data

The metrological characteristics of the load cells type xxx are listed in . Further technical data are listed in the data sheet of the manufacturer (see the section “6 Data sheet and dimensions” in this Annex).

Essential data

Accuracy class		C
Maximum number of load cell intervals $n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}		$3000$ 3000
Rated output	$mV V^{- 1}$ "unitsml(mV/V)"	2
Maximum capacity $E_{max}$ E_{"max"}	$kg$ "unitsml(kg)"	150 / 200 / 250 / 300 / 500 / 750
Minimum load cell verification interval $v_{min} = (E_{max} - E_{min}) / Y$ v_{"min"} = (E_{"max"} - E_{"min"}) // Y	$kg$ "unitsml(kg)"	$E_{max} / 15000$ E_{"max"} // 15000
Minimum dead load output return $DR = 1 / 2 (E_{max} - E_{min}) / Z$ "DR" = 1//2 (E_{"max"} - E_{"min"})// Z	$kg$ "unitsml(kg)"	$1 / 2 (E_{max} - E_{min}) / 5000$ 1//2 (E_{"max"} - E_{"min"}) // 5000

Dead load: xxx $% \cdot E_{max}$ % cdot E_{"max"}; Safe overload: xxx $% \cdot E_{max}$ % cdot E_{"max"}; Input impedance: xxx $Ω$ "unitsml(Ohm)"

Tests

The determination of the measurement error, the stability of the dead load output, repeatability and creep in the temperature range of $- 10 °C$ -10 "unitsml(degC)" to $+ 40 °C$ +40 "unitsml(degC)" as well as the tests of barometric pressure effects and the determination of the effects of damp heat steady state have been performed according to OIML R 60 as shown in on the load cell denominated in the test report with the reference No. xxx, dated xxx.

Tests performed

Test	R 60	Tested samples	Result
Temperature test and repeatability at ( $20 / 40 / - 10 / 20 °C$ 20 // 40 // -10 // 20 "unitsml(degC)")	R 60-1, 5.3.2; 5.4; R 60-2, 2.10.1	$150 kg$ 150 "unitsml(kg)"	+
Temp. effect on minimum dead load output at ( $20 / 40 / - 10 / 20 °C$ 20 // 40 // -10 // 20 "unitsml(degC)")	R 60-1, 5.6.1.3; R 60-2, 2.10.1.16	$150 kg$ 150 "unitsml(kg)"	+
Creep test at ( $20 / 40 / - 10 / 20 °C$ 20 // 40 // -10 // 20 "unitsml(degC)")	R 60-1, 5.5.1; R 60-2, 2.10.2	$150 kg$ 150 "unitsml(kg)"	+
Minimum dead load output return at ( $20 / 40 / - 10 / 20 °C$ 20 // 40 // -10 // 20 "unitsml(degC)")	R 60-1, 5.5.2; R 60-2, 2.10.3	$150 kg$ 150 "unitsml(kg)"	+
Barometric pressure effects at ambient temperature	R 60-1, 5.6.2; R 60-2, 2.10.4	$150 kg$ 150 "unitsml(kg)"	+
Damp heat test, static, marked SH	R 60-1, 5.6.3.2; R 60-2, 2.10.6	$150 kg$ 150 "unitsml(kg)"	+

Description of the load cell

The load cells (LC) of the series xxx are double bending beam load cells. They are made of aluminium, and the strain gauge application is hermetically sealed. Further essential characteristics are given in the data sheet (see the section “6 Data sheet and dimensions” in this Annex).

[Include a picture/diagram of the load cell]

Figure 1 — Load cell type xxx

The complete type designation is indicated as follows in the example on the name plate:

[Include a picture/diagram of the name plate]

Figure 2 — Name plate

Documentation

Test Report No. xxx; C3; $Y = xxx$ Y = "xxx"; $Z = xxx$ Z = "xxx"; $E_{max} = xxx kg$ E_{"max"} = "xxx" "unitsml(kg)"; SN: xxx
Datasheet No. Xxx
Technical Drawing No. Xxx

Further information

The manufacturing process, material and sealing (i.e., environmental protection) of the produced load cells shall be in accordance with the tested patterns; essential changes shall be identified and communicated to the issuing authority and are only allowed with the permission of the issuing authority based on the impact of those changes on the certification process.

Sufficient information shall be included to describe the patent design.

The typical errors related to linearity, hysteresis and temperature coefficient as indicated in the data sheet point out possible single errors of a pattern; however, the overall error of each pattern is determined by the maximum permissible error according OIML R 60-1, 5.3.2.

The technical data, the dimensions of the load cell and the principle of load transmission are given in section 6 of this Annex, “Data sheet and dimensions”, and shall be complied with.

Data sheet and dimensions

Specifications of the load cell family

Accuracy class according to OIML R 60			C
Rated output		$mV V^{- 1}$ "unitsml(mV/V)"	$2.0 \pm 0.2$ 2.0 pm 0.2
Maximum capacity	$E_{max}$ E_{"max"}	$kg$ "unitsml(kg)"	150 / 200 / 250 / 300 / 500 / 750
Max. number of load cell intervals	$n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}		$3000$ 3000
Min. load cell verification interval	$v_{min}$ v_{"min"}	$kg$ "unitsml(kg)"	$E_{max} / 15000$ E_{"max"} // 15000
Minimum dead load output return (MDLOR)	DR	$kg$ "unitsml(kg)"	$1 / 2 \cdot E_{max} / 5000$ 1//2 cdot E_{"max"} // 5000
Minimum dead load		$% \cdot E_{max}$ % cdot E_{"max"}	0
Safe load limit		$% \cdot E_{max}$ % cdot E_{"max"}	150
Ultimate load		$% \cdot E_{max}$ % cdot E_{"max"}	300
Excitation voltage, recommended	$U_{EXE}$ U_{"EXE"}	V	10-12 DC
Excitation voltage, maximum		$V$ "unitsml(V)"	15 DC
Input resistance	$R_{LC}$ R_{"LC"}	$Ω$ "unitsml(Ohm)"	$404 \pm 10$ 404 pm 10
Output resistance	$R_{out}$ R_{"out"}	$Ω$ "unitsml(Ohm)"	$350 \pm 3$ 350 pm 3
Insulation resistance	RISO	$MΩ$ "unitsml(MOhm)"	$\Rightarrow 2000$ => 2000
Compensated temperature range	$T$ T	$°C$ "unitsml(degC)"	$- 10 \dots + 40$ -10...+40
Load cell material			Aluminium
Cable length	$L$ L	$m$ "unitsml(m)"	2
Coating			Silicone rubber

Wiring

The load cell is provided with a shielded 4- or 6-wire cable. The cable length is indicated in the accompanying document. The shield will be connected or not connected to the load cell according to the customer’s preference.

Connections

Connections	4-wire	6-wire
Excitation +	red	red
Excitation -	black	black
Signal +	green	green
Signal -	white	white
Sense +	-	blue
Sense -	-	yellow
Shield	purple	purple
Cable length	$2 m$ 2 "unitsml(m)"

Dimensions

[Include a picture/diagram of the load cell dimensions]

Selection of load cell(s) for testing — a practical example

This Annex describes a practical example showing the complete procedure for the selection of test samples out of a load cell family.

Assume a family consisting of three groups of load cells, differing in class, maximum number of load cell verification intervals, $n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}, and maximum capacities, $E_{max}$ E_{"max"}. The capacities, $E_{max}$ E_{"max"}, overlap between the groups according to the following example:

Group 1

Class C, $n_{LC} = 6000$ n_{"LC"} = 6000, $Y = 18000$ Y = 18000, $Z = 6000$ Z = 6000

$E_{max}$ E_{"max"}: $50 kg$ 50 "unitsml(kg)", $100 kg$ 100 "unitsml(kg)", $300 kg$ 300 "unitsml(kg)" and $500 kg$ 500 "unitsml(kg)"

Group 2

Class C, $n_{LC} = 3000$ n_{"LC"} = 3000, $Y = 12000$ Y = 12000, $Z = 4000$ Z = 4000

$E_{max}$ E_{"max"}: $100 kg$ 100 "unitsml(kg)", $300 kg$ 300 "unitsml(kg)", $500 kg$ 500 "unitsml(kg)", $5000 kg$ 5000 "unitsml(kg)", $10 t$ 10 "unitsml(t)", $30 t$ 30 "unitsml(t)" and $50 t$ 50 "unitsml(t)"

Group 3

Class B, $n_{LC} = 10000$ n_{"LC"} = 10000, $Y = 25000$ Y = 25000, $Z = 10000$ Z = 10000

$E_{max}$ E_{"max"}: $500 kg$ 500 "unitsml(kg)", $1000 kg$ 1000 "unitsml(kg)" and $4000 kg$ 4000 "unitsml(kg)"

Summarise and sort the load cells with respect to <stem block="false" type="MathML"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mstyle displaystyle="false"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mtext>max</mtext> </msub> </mstyle> </math><asciimath>E_{"max"}</asciimath></stem> and accuracy as follows:

Class

$n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}

Group

$Y$ Y

‌

$Z$ Z

<—- lowest

‌

$E_{max}, kg$ E_{"max"}, "unitsml(kg)"

‌

$v_{min}, kg$ v_{"min"}, "unitsml(kg)"

—-> highest

‌

$3000$ 3000

$2$ 2

$12000$ 12000

‌

$4000$ 4000

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0083$ 0.0083

$300$ 300

‌

$0.025$ 0.025

$500$ 500

‌

$0.042$ 0.042

$5000$ 5000

‌

$0.42$ 0.42

$10000$ 10000

‌

$0.83$ 0.83

$30000$ 30000

‌

$2.5$ 2.5

$50000$ 50000

‌

$4.17$ 4.17

$6000$ 6000

$1$ 1

$18000$ 18000

‌

$6000$ 6000

$50$ 50

‌

$0.0028$ 0.0028

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0055$ 0.0055

$300$ 300

‌

$0.0167$ 0.0167

$500$ 500

‌

$0.028$ 0.028

B10

$10000$ 10000

$3$ 3

$25000$ 25000

‌

$10000$ 10000

$500$ 500

‌

$0.020$ 0.020

$1000$ 1000

‌

$0.040$ 0.040

$4000$ 4000

‌

$0.16$ 0.16

Identify the smallest capacity load cells in each group to be tested, according to R 60-2, 2.4:

Class

$n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}

Group

$Y$ Y

‌

$Z$ Z

<—- lowest

‌

$E_{max}, kg$ E_{"max"}, "unitsml(kg)"

‌

$v_{min}, kg$ v_{"min"}, "unitsml(kg)"

—-> highest

‌

$3000$ 3000

$2$ 2

$12000$ 12000

‌

$4000$ 4000

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0083$ 0.0083

$300$ 300

‌

$0.025$ 0.025

$500$ 500

‌

$0.042$ 0.042

$5000$ 5000

‌

$0.42$ 0.42

$10000$ 10000

‌

$0.83$ 0.83

$30000$ 30000

‌

$2.5$ 2.5

$50000$ 50000

‌

$4.17$ 4.17

$6000$ 6000

$18000$ 18000

‌

$6000$ 6000

‌

$0.028$ 0.028

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0055$ 0.0055

$300$ 300

‌

$0.0167$ 0.0167

$500$ 500

‌

$0.0028$ 0.0028

B10

$10000$ 10000

$3$ 3

$25000$ 25000

‌

$10000$ 10000

$500$ 500

‌

$0.020$ 0.020

$1000$ 1000

‌

$0.040$ 0.040

$4000$ 4000

‌

$0.16$ 0.16

In this example, select and identify:

C6 — 50 kg (full evaluation test required)

B10 — 500 kg (full evaluation test required)

Although load cell C3 — 100 kg is the smallest capacity in its group, its capacity falls within the range of other selected load cells having better metrological characteristics. Therefore, it is not selected.

Begin with the group with the best metrological characteristics (in this example, B10) and in accordance with R 60-2, 2.4.2, select the next largest capacity between 5 and 10 times that of the nearest smaller capacity load cell which has been selected. When no capacity meets this criterion, the selected load cell shall be that having the smallest capacity exceeding 10 times that of the nearest smaller capacity load cell which has been selected. Continue this process until all load cell capacities in the group have been considered.

Class

$n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}

Group

‌

$Z$ Z

<—- lowest

‌

$E_{max}, kg$ E_{"max"}, "unitsml(kg)"

‌

$v_{min}, kg$ v_{"min"}, "unitsml(kg)"

—-> highest

‌

$3000$ 3000

$2$ 2

$12000$ 12000

‌

$4000$ 4000

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0083$ 0.0083

$300$ 300

‌

$0.025$ 0.025

$500$ 500

‌

$0.042$ 0.042

$5000$ 5000

‌

$0.42$ 0.42

$10000$ 10000

‌

$0.83$ 0.83

$30000$ 30000

‌

$2.5$ 2.5

$50000$ 50000

‌

$4.17$ 4.17

$6000$ 6000

$18000$ 18000

‌

$6000$ 6000

$50$ 50

‌

$0.0028$ 0.0028

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0055$ 0.0055

$300$ 300

‌

$0.0167$ 0.0167

$500$ 500

‌

$0.028$ 0.028

B10

$10000$ 10000

$3$ 3

$25000$ 25000

‌

$10000$ 10000

$500$ 500

‌

$0.020$ 0.020

$1000$ 1000

‌

$0.040$ 0.040

$4000$ 4000

‌

$0.16$ 0.16

In this example, select and identify:

B10 — $4000 kg$ 4000 "unitsml(kg)" (full evaluation test required)

Move to the group with the next best characteristics (in this example, C6) and, in accordance with R 60-2, 2.4.2 select the next largest capacity between 5 and 10 times that of the nearest smaller capacity load cell which has been selected. When no capacity meets this criterion, the selected load cell shall be that having the smallest capacity exceeding 10 times that of the nearest smaller capacity load cell which has been selected. Continue this process until all load cell capacities in the group have been considered.

Class

$n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}

Group

$Y$ Y

‌

$Z$ Z

<—- lowest

‌

$E_{max}, kg$ E_{"max"}, "unitsml(kg)"

‌

$v_{min}, kg$ v_{"min"}, "unitsml(kg)"

—-> highest

‌

$3000$ 3000

$2$ 2

$12000$ 12000

‌

$4000$ 4000

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0083$ 0.0083

$300$ 300

‌

$0.025$ 0.025

$500$ 500

‌

$0.042$ 0.042

$5000$ 5000

‌

$0.42$ 0.42

$10000$ 10000

‌

$0.83$ 0.83

$30000$ 30000

‌

$2.5$ 2.5

$50000$ 50000

‌

$4.17$ 4.17

$6000$ 6000

$18000$ 18000

‌

$6000$ 6000

$50$ 50

‌

$0.0028$ 0.0028

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0055$ 0.0055

$300$ 300

‌

$0.0167$ 0.0167

$500$ 500

‌

$0.028$ 0.028

B10

$10000$ 10000

$3$ 3

$25000$ 25000

‌

$10000$ 10000

$500$ 500

‌

$0.020$ 0.020

$1000$ 1000

‌

$0.040$ 0.040

$4000$ 4000

‌

$0.16$ 0.16

In this example, there is no change to the load cells selected. The capacities of the load cells C6 — $300 kg$ 300 "unitsml(kg)" and C6 — $500 kg$ 500 "unitsml(kg)" exceed the capacity of the load cell C6 — $50 kg$ 50 "unitsml(kg)" by greater than 5 times but not greater than 10 times. However, a $500 kg$ 500 "unitsml(kg)" load cell of better metrological characteristics (from group B10) has already been selected. Therefore, in order to minimise the number of load cells to be tested according to R 60-2, 2.3.1, neither cell is selected.

Again, and repeating this process until all groups have been considered, move to the group with the next best characteristics (in this example, C3) and in accordance with R 60-2, 2.4.4, select the next largest capacity between 5 and 10 times that of the nearest smaller capacity load cell which has been selected. When no capacity meets this criterion, the selected load cell shall be that having the smallest capacity exceeding 10 times that of the nearest smaller capacity load cell which has been selected. Continue this process until all load cell capacities in the group and all groups have been considered.

Class

$n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}

Group

$Y$ Y

‌

$Z$ Z

<—- lowest

‌

$E_{max}, kg$ E_{"max"}, "unitsml(kg)"

‌

$v_{min}, kg$ v_{"min"}, "unitsml(kg)"

—-> highest

‌

$3000$ 3000

$12000$ 12000

‌

$4000$ 4000

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0083$ 0.0083

$300$ 300

‌

$0.025$ 0.025

$500$ 500

‌

$0.042$ 0.042

$5000$ 5000

‌

$0.42$ 0.42

$10000$ 10000

‌

$0.83$ 0.83

$30000$ 30000

‌

$2.5$ 2.5

$50000$ 50000

‌

$4.17$ 4.17

$6000$ 6000

$1$ 1

$18000$ 18000

‌

$6000$ 6000

$50$ 50

‌

$0.0028$ 0.0028

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0055$ 0.0055

$300$ 300

‌

$0.0167$ 0.0167

$500$ 500

‌

$0.028$ 0.028

B10

$10000$ 10000

$3$ 3

$25000$ 25000

‌

$10000$ 10000

$500$ 500

‌

$0.020$ 0.020

$1000$ 1000

‌

$0.040$ 0.040

$4000$ 4000

‌

$0.16$ 0.16

In this example, select and identify:

C3 — $30000 kg$ 30000 "unitsml(kg)" (full evaluation test required) Proceeding from smallest to largest capacity, the only capacity of load cell which is greater than 5 times the capacity of an already selected load cell but less than 10 times that capacity is the C3 — $30000 kg$ 30000 "unitsml(kg)" load cell. Since the capacity of the C3 — $50000 kg$ 50000 "unitsml(kg)" load cell does not exceed 5 times the capacity of the next smaller selected load cell, which is C3 — $30000 kg$ 30000 "unitsml(kg)", according to R 60-2, 2.4.3 it is presumed to comply the requirements of this Recommendation.

After completing steps and identifying the load cells, compare load cells of the same capacity from different groups. Identify the load cells with the highest accuracy class and highest $n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"} in each group (see shaded portion of table below). For those load cells of the same capacity but from different groups, identify only the one with the highest accuracy class and $n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"} and lowest $v_{min}$ v_{"min"}.

Class

$n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}

Group

Y ‌

<—- lowest

‌

$E_{max}, kg$ E_{"max"}, "unitsml(kg)"

‌

$v_{min}, kg$ v_{"min"}, "unitsml(kg)"

—-> highest

‌

$3000$ 3000

$2$ 2

$12000$ 12000

‌

$4000$ 4000

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0083$ 0.0083

$300$ 300

‌

$0.025$ 0.025

$500$ 500

‌

$0.042$ 0.042

$5000$ 5000

‌

$0.42$ 0.42

$10000$ 10000

‌

$0.83$ 0.83

$30000$ 30000

‌

$2.5$ 2.5

$50000$ 50000

‌

$4.17$ 4.17

$6000$ 6000

$1$ 1

$18000$ 18000

‌

$6000$ 6000

$50$ 50

‌

$0.0028$ 0.0028

$100$ 100

‌

$0.0055$ 0.0055

$300$ 300

‌

$0.0167$ 0.0167

$500$ 500

‌

$0.028$ 0.028

B10

$10000$ 10000

$3$ 3

$25000$ 25000

‌

$10000$ 10000

$500$ 500

‌

$0.020$ 0.020

$1000$ 1000

‌

$0.040$ 0.040

$4000$ 4000

‌

$0.16$ 0.16

Inspect the values of $v_{min}$ v_{"min"}, $Y$ Y, and $Z$ Z for all cells of the same capacity.

If any load cell of the same capacity has a lower $v_{min}$ v_{"min"} or higher $Y$ Y than the identified load cell, that load cell (or load cells) is also liable for partial evaluation testing, specifically the conduct of additional temperature effect on minimum dead load, $E_{min}$ E_{"min"} and barometric pressure effect tests.

If any load cell of the same capacity has a higher $Y$ Y than the selected load cell, that load cell (or load cells) is also liable for partial evaluation testing, specifically the conduct of additional creep and DR tests.

In this example, the load cells identified above also have the best characteristics of lowest $v_{min}$ v_{"min"}, highest $Y$ Y and highest $Z$ Z. This is normally the case, but not always.

If applicable, select the load cell for humidity testing in accordance with R 60-2, 2.4.5, that being the load cell with the most severe characteristics, for example the greatest value of $n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"} or the lowest value of $v_{min}$ v_{"min"}.

In this example, the load cell with the greatest value of $n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"} or the lowest value of $v_{min}$ v_{"min"} is the same load cell, therefore select:

B10 — $500 kg$ 500 "unitsml(kg)" (humidity test required)

The other B10 load cells also possess the same qualifications and are possible choices. The $500 kg$ 500 "unitsml(kg)" load cell was chosen because it is the smallest of the applicable B10 capacities. Although the C6 — $50 kg$ 50 "unitsml(kg)" load cell has the lowest $v_{min}$ v_{"min"} of $0.0028$ 0.0028, the B10 load cells have the highest $n_{LC}$ n_{"LC"}, highest accuracy class, and the highest $Y$ Y and $Z$ Z.

If applicable, select the load cell for the additional tests to be performed on digital load cells in accordance with R 60-2, 2.4.6, that being the load cell with the most severe characteristics, for example the greatest value of $n_{max}$ n_{"max"} or the lowest value of $v_{min}$ v_{"min"}.

2+h| D.2.9 Summarising, the load cells selected for test are:

Summary	Selected cells
Load cells requiring full evaluation test	C6 — $50 kg$ 50 "unitsml(kg)" B10 — $500 kg$ 500 "unitsml(kg)" B10 — $4000 kg$ 4000 "unitsml(kg)" C3 — $30000 kg$ 30000 "unitsml(kg)"
Load cells requiring partial evaluation test	None
Load cell to be tested for humidity	B10 — $500 kg$ 500 "unitsml(kg)"
Digital load cells for additional tests	None

In this example, no load cell in the family is equipped with electronics.

Load transmission to the load cell

This Annex is taken from the WELMEC 2.4 (European cooperation in legal metrology) Guide for Load Cells (Issue 2, published in August, 2001). With permission from WELMEC, the following portion of that Guide is reprinted here to provide guidelines for load cell evaluators, during load cell performance evaluations. Recognising the critical role that load cell receptors and load transmission devices play in accurate measurements, this Annex is intended to provide information regarding the effect of load transmission and recommendations for test design and procedure. The annex is informational and not to be considered required practice.

For some types of load cells, the kind of load transmission to the load cell has an influence on the measurements and therefore on the test results.

In this Annex the standard load transmission devices are listed.

The manufacturer should define whether the load cell works with all standard load transmission devices for the type of load cell or with selected standard load transmission devices or with a load cell specific load transmission devices.

This information may be considered for the load cell tests and may be marked on the certificate.

Standard load transmission devices

identify different types of LCs, (compression, tension, …) and typical load cell mounting devices suitable for them. The symbols below classify the mobility between one point of contact on the load cell and its counterpart on the load receptor or mounting base.

Symbol	Description
	Movement possible normal to load axis allows for temperature dilatation
	Movement possible normal to load axis, with reversing force (spring-back effect) allows for temperature dilatation, also used for damping of lateral shock
	Inclination possible allows for tilt of load cell or deflection of load receptor, no movement normal to load axis possible
	Indicates auto-centring effect of the complete mounting assembly of one load cell

Remarks on the standard load transmission devices presented in :

All combinations of load cell and transmitting device shown in can also be utilised in a completely reversed manner.

The load transmission device is independent of the encapsulation, potting or housing which are shown in the examples.

Compression LCs (, upper part)
- The load transmissions 1 to 8 are presented for canister type LCs. Instead, all load transmissions may be constructed for S-type or ring type load cells.
- 6a shows a pendulum construction build as a complete unit.
- 6b and 6c show external pendulum rocker pins combined with ring-type LCs.
- The bearings for all compression load cells may be installed either below or above the LC.
Tension LCs (, lower part)
- The load transmissions 1 and 2 are presented for canister type LCs. Alternatively, both load transmissions may be used for S-type LCs.
Beam LCs (, upper part)
- The drawings present double bending and shear beams, as well as plastic potted and encapsulated constructions; all these constructions may be combined with either of the load transmissions 1 to 10.
- The direction of loading, which is given by the manufacturer, has to be observed.
Single point LCs (, middle part)
- The load transmissions 1 to 10 for the beam LCs may be applied to all single point LCs.
- The direction of loading, which is given by the manufacturer, has to be observed.
Double bending beam LCs (, lower part)
- The table shows examples of common constructions. Variations are possible provided the constructions allow enough horizontal flexibility between both ends.
- The direction of loading, provided by the manufacturer, has to be observed.

The single bending beams had been exempted for general acceptance, because very small displacements of the “force transducing point” may lead to a change of span and linearity.

Schematic drawings for compression and tension LCs

Schematic drawings for beam LCs

Bibliography Bibliography 2026-04-16 Data elements and interchange formats Information interchange Representation of dates and times Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of dates and times https://www.iso.org/standard/40874.html https://www.iso.org/contents/data/standard/04/08/40874.detail.rss ISO 8601:2004 ISO 8601:2004(E) urn:iso:std:iso:8601:stage-95.99 8601 2004-12 International Organization for Standardization ISO www.iso.org 3

Cancelled and replaced by ISO 8601-1:2019.

en fr ISO 8601:2004 is applicable whenever representation of dates in the Gregorian calendar, times in the 24-hour timekeeping system, time intervals and recurring time intervals or of the formats of these representations are included in information interchange. It includes - calendar dates expressed in terms of calendar year, calendar month and calendar day of the month; - ordinal dates expressed in terms of calendar year and calendar day of the year; - week dates expressed in terms of calendar year, calendar week number and calendar day of the week; - local time based upon the 24-hour timekeeping system; - Coordinated Universal Time of day; - local time and the difference from Coordinated Universal Time; - combination of date and time of day; - time intervals; - recurring time intervals. ISO 8601:2004 does not cover dates and times where words are used in the representation and dates and times where characters are not used in the representation. ISO 8601:2004 does not assign any particular meaning or interpretation to any data element that uses representations in accordance with ISO 8601:2004. Such meaning will be determined by the context of the application. 95 99 2004 ISO ISO 8601:2000 ISO 8601:2000 ISO 8601-1:2019 ISO 8601-1:2019 2019-02-25 ISO 8601-2:2019 ISO 8601-2:2019 2019-02-25 Geneva 2026-04-16 Environmental testing Part 2-78: Tests Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/560 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60068-2-78{ed2.0}b.pdf IEC 60068-2-78:2012 urn:iec:std:iec:60068-2-78:2012-10::: 2012-10-30 2025-08-06 2025-08-06 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 2 en fr es IEC 60068-2-78:2012 establishes a test method for determining the ability of components or equipment to withstand transportation, storage and use under conditions of high humidity. The object of this standard is to investigate the effect of high humidity at constant temperature without condensation on a specimen over a prescribed period. It is applicable to small equipment or components as well as large equipment, and can be applied to both heat-dissipating and non-heat-dissipating specimens. This second edition cancels and replaced the first edition, published in 2001 and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes editorial and format changes with respect to the previous edition:
- The test chamber from IEC 60068-3-6 has been introduced. REVISED 2012 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva 2026-04-16 Environmental testing Part 3-4: Supporting documentation and guidance Damp heat tests Environmental testing — Part 3-4: Supporting documentation and guidance — Damp heat tests https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/571 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec60068-3-4{ed1.0}b.pdf IEC 60068-3-4:2001 urn:iec:std:iec:60068-3-4:2001-08::: 2001-08-28 2023-06-29 2023-06-29 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 1 en fr es IEC 60068-3-4:2001 Provides the necessary information to assist in preparing relevant specifications, such as standards for components or equipment, in order to select appropriate tests and test severities for specific products and, in some cases, specific types of application. The object of damp heat tests is to determine the ability of products to withstand the stresses occurring in a high relative humidity environment, with or without condensation, and with special regard to variations of electrical and mechanical characteristics. Damp heat tests may also be utilized to check the resistance of a specimen to some forms of corrosion attack. REVISED 2001 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva 2026-04-16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-11: Testing and measurement techniques Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests for equipment with input current up to 16 A per phase Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-11: Testing and measurement techniques — Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests for equipment with input current up to 16 A per phase https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/63503 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61000-4-11{ed3.0}b.pdf IEC 61000-4-11:2020 urn:iec:std:iec:61000-4-11:2020-01::: 2020-01-28 2028-12-31 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 3 en fr es IEC 61000-4-11:2020 defines the immunity test methods and range of preferred test levels for electrical and electronic equipment connected to low-voltage power supply networks for voltage dips, short interruptions, and voltage variations. This document applies to electrical and electronic equipment having a rated input current not exceeding 16 A per phase, for connection to 50 Hz or 60 Hz AC networks. It does not apply to electrical and electronic equipment for connection to 400 Hz AC networks. Tests for these networks will be covered by future IEC documents. The object of this document is to establish a common reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations.
NOTE 1 Voltage fluctuation immunity tests are covered by IEC 61000-4-14. The test method documented in this document describes a consistent method to assess the immunity of equipment or a system against a defined phenomenon.
NOTE 2 As described in IEC Guide 107, this is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees of the IEC. As also stated in Guide 107, the IEC product committees are responsible for determining whether this immunity test standard should be applied or not, and, if applied, they are responsible for defining the appropriate test levels. Technical committee 77 and its sub-committees are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular immunity tests for their products. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2004 and Amendment 1:2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- rise time and fall time of transients are now defined terms in Clause 3;
- the origin of voltage dips and short interruptions is now stated in Clause 4.
The contents of the corrigendum of May 2020 and October 2022 have been included in this copy. PUBLISHED 2020 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva 2026-04-16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-1: Testing and measurement techniques Overview of IEC 61000-4 series Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-1: Testing and measurement techniques — Overview of IEC 61000-4 series https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4158 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61000-4-1{ed3.0}b.pdf IEC 61000-4-1:2006 urn:iec:std:iec:61000-4-1:2006-10::: 2006-10-25 2016-04-27 2016-04-27 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 3 en fr es The object of this part of IEC 61000 is to give applicability assistance to the technical committees of IEC or other bodies, users and manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment on EMC standards within the IEC 61000-4 series on testing and measurement techniques and to provide general recommendations concerning the choice of relevant tests.This standard has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107. REPLACED 2006 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva 2026-04-16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-29: Testing and measurement techniques Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-29: Testing and measurement techniques — Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4206 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61000-4-29{ed1.0}b.pdf IEC 61000-4-29:2000 urn:iec:std:iec:61000-4-29:2000-08::: 2000-08-30 2026-12-31 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 1 en fr es Establishes a common and reproducible basis for testing electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to voltage dips, short interruptions or voltage variations on d.c. power ports. This standard defines: — the range of test levels; — the test generator; — the test set-up; — the test procedure. PUBLISHED 2000 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva 2026-04-16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques Electrostatic discharge immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques — Electrostatic discharge immunity test https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4189 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61000-4-2{ed2.0}b.pdf IEC 61000-4-2:2008 urn:iec:std:iec:61000-4-2:2008-12::: 2008-12-09 2025-03-07 2025-03-07 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 2 en fr es IEC 61000-4-2:2008 relates to the immunity requirements and test methods for electrical and electronic equipment subjected to static electricity discharges, from operators directly, and from personnel to adjacent objects. It additionally defines ranges of test levels which relate to different environmental and installation conditions and establishes test procedures. The object of IEC 61000-4-2:2008 is to establish a common and reproducible basis for evaluating the performance of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrostatic discharges. In addition, it includes electrostatic discharges which may occur frompersonnel to objects near vital equipment. IEC 61000-4-2:2008 defines typical waveform of the discharge current, range of test levels, test equipment, test setup, test procedure, calibration procedure and measurement uncertainty. IEC 61000-4-2:2008 gives specifications for test performed in;laboratories; and;post-installation tests; performed on equipment in the final installation. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1995, its amendment 1 (1998) and its amendment 2 (2000) and constitutes a technical revision. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107. The main changes with respect to the first edition of this standard and its amendments are the following:
- the specifications of the target have been extended up to 4 GHz. An example of target matching these requirements is also provided;
- information on radiated fields from human-metal discharge and from ESD generators is provided;
- measurement uncertainty considerations with examples of uncertainty budgets are given too. REVISED 2008 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva 2026-04-16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-3 : Testing and measurement techniques Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-3 : Testing and measurement techniques — Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/59849 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61000-4-3{ed4.0}en.pdf https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61000-4-3{ed4.0}b.pdf IEC 61000-4-3:2020 urn:iec:std:iec:61000-4-3:2020-09::: 2020-09-08 2027-12-31 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 4 en fr IEC 61000-4-3:2020 is applicable to the immunity requirements of electrical and electronic equipment to radiated electromagnetic energy. It establishes test levels and the required test procedures. The object of this document is to establish a common reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic fields. The test method documented in this part of IEC 61000 describes a consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against RF electromagnetic fields from RF sources not in close proximity to the EUT. The test environment is specified in Clause 6. NOTE 1 As described in IEC Guide 107, this is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees of the IEC. As also stated in Guide 107, the IEC product committees are responsible for determining whether this immunity test standard should be applied or not, and if applied, they are responsible for determining the appropriate test levels and performance criteria. TC 77 and its sub-committees are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular immunity tests for their products. NOTE 2 Immunity testing against RF sources in close proximity to the EUT is defined in IEC 61000-4-39. Particular considerations are devoted to the protection against radio-frequency emissions from digital radiotelephones and other RF emitting devices. NOTE 3 Test methods are defined in this part for evaluating the effect that electromagnetic radiation has on the equipment concerned. The simulation and measurement of electromagnetic radiation is not adequately exact for quantitative determination of effects. The test methods defined in this basic document have the primary objective of establishing an adequate reproducibility of testing configuration and repeatability of test results at various test facilities. This document is an independent test method. It is not possible to use other test methods as substitutes for claiming compliance with this document. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2006, Amendment 1:2007 and Amendment 2:2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- testing using multiple test signals has been described;
- additional information on EUT and cable layout has been added;
- the upper frequency limitation has been removed to take account of new services;
- the characterization of the field as well as the checking of power amplifier linearity of the immunity chain are specified. PUBLISHED 2020 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva 2026-04-16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques — Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4222 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61000-4-4{ed3.0}b.pdf IEC 61000-4-4:2012 urn:iec:std:iec:61000-4-4:2012-04::: 2012-04-30 2026-12-31 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 3 en fr es IEC 61000-4-4:2012 relates to the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment to repetitive electrical fast transients. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107. It gives immunity requirements and test procedures related to electrical fast transients/bursts. It additionally defines ranges of test levels and establishes test procedures. The object of this standard is to establish a common and reproducible reference in order to evaluate the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to electrical fast transient/bursts on supply, signal, control and earth ports. The test method documented in this standard describes a consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against a defined phenomenon. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2004 and its amendment 1 (2010). It constitutes a technical revision which improves and clarifies simulator specifications, test criteria and test setups. PUBLISHED 2012 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva 2026-04-16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques Surge immunity test Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques — Surge immunity test https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4223 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61000-4-5{ed3.0}b.pdf IEC 61000-4-5:2014 urn:iec:std:iec:61000-4-5:2014-05::: 2014-05-15 2027-12-31 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 3 en fr es IEC 61000-4-5:2014 relates to the immunity requirements, test methods, and range of recommended test levels for equipment with regard to unidirectional surges caused by over-voltages from switching and lightning transients. Several test levels are defined which relate to different environment and installation conditions. These requirements are developed for and are applicable to electrical and electronic equipment. The object of this standard is to establish a common reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to surges. The test method documented describes a consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against a defined phenomenon. This standard defines a range of:
- test levels;
- test equipment;
- test setups; and
- test procedures. The task of the described laboratory test is to find the reaction of the equipment under test (EUT) under specified operational conditions to surge voltages caused by switching and lightning effects. It is not intended to test the capability of the EUT’s insulation to withstand high-voltage stress. Direct injections of lightning currents, i.e. direct lightning strikes, are not considered in this standard. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005, and constitutes a technical revision which includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- a new Annex E on mathematical modelling of surge waveforms;
- a new Annex F on measurement uncertainty;
- a new Annex G on method of calibration of impulse measuring systems; and
- a new Annex H on coupling/decoupling surges to lines rated above 200 A. Moreover while surge test for ports connected to outside telecommunication lines was addressed in 6.2 of the second edition (IEC 61000-4-5:2005), in this third edition (IEC 61000-4-5:2014) the normative Annex A is fully dedicated to this topic. In particular it gives the specifications of the 10/700 µs combined wave generator. Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility, EMC, TC77, SC77B PUBLISHED 2014 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva 2026-04-16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques — Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4224 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61000-4-6{ed4.0}b.pdf IEC 61000-4-6:2013 urn:iec:std:iec:61000-4-6:2013-10::: 2013-10-23 2023-06-06 2023-06-06 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 4 en fr es IEC 61000-4-6:2013 relates to the conducted immunity requirements of electrical and electronic equipment to electromagnetic disturbances coming from intended radio-frequency (RF) transmitters in the frequency range 150 kHz up to 80 MHz. Equipment not having at least one conducting wire and/or cable (such as mains supply, signal line or earth connection) which can couple the equipment to the disturbing RF fields is excluded from the scope of this publication. The object of this standard is to establish a common reference for evaluating the functional immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to conducted disturbances induced by RF fields. The test method documented in IEC 61000-4-6:2013 describes a consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against a defined phenomenon. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2008 and constitutes a technical revision. It includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- use of the CDNs;
- calibration of the clamps;
- reorganization of Clause 7 on test setup and injection methods;
- Annex A which is now dedicated to EM and decoupling clamps;
- Annex G which now addresses the measurement uncertainty of the voltage test level;
- and informative Annexes H, I and J which are new. The contents of the corrigendum of June 2015 have been included in this copy. REVISED 2013 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva 2026-04-16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-1: Generic standards Immunity standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-1: Generic standards — Immunity standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/25631 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61000-6-1{ed3.0}b.pdf IEC 61000-6-1:2016 urn:iec:std:iec:61000-6-1:2016-08::: 2016-08-10 2027-12-31 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 3 en fr es IEC 61000-6-1:2016 for EMC immunity requirements applies to electrical and electronic equipment intended for use in residential, commercial, public and light-industrial locations. Immunity requirements in the frequency range 0 Hz to 400 GHz are covered. No tests need to be performed at frequencies where no requirements are specified. This generic EMC immunity standard is applicable if no relevant dedicated product or product-family EMC immunity standard exists. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. PUBLISHED 2016 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva 2026-04-16 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-2: Generic standards Immunity standard for industrial environments Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards — Immunity standard for industrial environments https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/25630 https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec61000-6-2{ed3.0}b.pdf IEC 61000-6-2:2016 urn:iec:std:iec:61000-6-2:2016-08::: 2016-08-10 2027-12-31 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch 3 en fr es IEC 61000-6-2:2016 for EMC immunity requirements applies to electrical and electronic equipment intended for use in industrial locations, as described below. Immunity requirements in the frequency range 0 Hz to 400 GHz are covered. No tests need to be performed at frequencies where no requirements are specified. This generic EMC immunity standard is applicable if no relevant dedicated product or product-family EMC immunity standard exists. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. PUBLISHED 2016 International Electrotechnical Commission IEC www.iec.ch Geneva IEC Publication 60068-2-30:2005 <em>Environmental testing — Part 2-30: Tests — Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)</em> IEC 60068-2-30-200560068-2-30-2005 International Electrotechnical Commission IECen IEC Publication 61000-2-1:1990 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 2: Environment — Section 1: Description of the environment — Electromagnetic environment for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling in public power supply systems IEC 61000-2-1:199061000-2-11990 International Electrotechnical Commission IECen Procedural Document PD-05 (Edition 2) Processing an OIML Type Evaluation Report and OIML Certificate OIML-CS en Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, BIPM, IEC, _IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML OIML G 1-100:2008 1-100 2008 en International Vocabulary of Terms in Legal Metrology (VIML) OIML V 2:2013 2 2013 en International Vocabulary of Metrology — Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms (VIM) OIML V 2-200:2012 2-200 2012 en Principles of metrological supervision OIML D 9:2004 9 2004 en General requirements for electronic measuring instruments OIML D 11:2008 11 2008 en Framework for the OIML Certification System (OIML-CS) OIML B 18:2018 18 2018 en General requirements for software controlled measuring instruments OIML D 31:2008 31 2008 en OIML R 50:2014 Continuous totalizing automatic weighing instruments (belt weighers) OIML R 50:2014 50 2014 en Automatic catchweighing instruments OIML R 51:2006 51 2006 en Automatic gravimetric filling instruments OIML R 61:2017 61 2017 en Non-automatic weighing instruments OIML R 76:2006 76 2006 en Automatic rail-weighbridges OIML R 106 106 en